Monday, September 2, 2019
Compare the way Shakespeare presents Hamletââ¬â¢s Essay
In this play, Hamlet, Shakespeare shows us the different ways that madness can be portrayed and the various ways that others surrounding the central characters can perceive it. From the beginning it is explained that Hamlet would ââ¬Å"put an antic disposition onâ⬠and this signifies that Hamletââ¬â¢s madness would just be an act, not something that is actually true. Hamlet confides in Horatio and asks him not to look knowingly if he sees Hamlet behaving oddly by saying ââ¬Å"some doubtful phraseâ⬠that might be ââ¬Å"ambiguousâ⬠in its meaning. This immediately reinforces the notion that Hamlet is only play acting his apparent madness and in actual fact, is sane. Shakespeare presents Hamletââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"antic dispositionâ⬠as a means for Hamlet to bide his time and figure out how to avenge his fatherââ¬â¢s murder ââ¬Å"by a brothers hand. â⬠Hamletââ¬â¢s madness is not meant to be seen as madness by us, but as something that has a purpose i. e. it could enable Hamlet to kill Claudius and it could be perceived by others that the killing was unintentional and was because of Hamletââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"madnessâ⬠. However, in the case of Ophelia, Shakespeare presents her form of madness as something that is real and tangible. She has a reason to be mad; her father is ââ¬Å"dead and gone. â⬠Shakespeare enforces the idea that Ophelia really is mad by having her enter in Act 4 Scene 5 ââ¬Å"distractedâ⬠and singing a song about the death of her father. Opheliaââ¬â¢s madness is supported by what the gentleman says to Gertrude at the beginning of Act 4 Scene 5 about Opheliaââ¬â¢s state of mind; that she ââ¬Å"winks and nods and gesturesâ⬠and that ââ¬Å"her speech is nothing, yet the unshaped use of it doth move the hearers to collectionâ⬠. Even Laertes is appalled by Opheliaââ¬â¢s madness and wonders ââ¬Å"isââ¬â¢t possible a young maidââ¬â¢s wits should be as mortal as an old manââ¬â¢s life? â⬠Opheliaââ¬â¢s actions and what she says causes those around her to doubt her sanity and believe that she really is mad. There are many words that are used by the main characters to describe Hamletââ¬â¢s madness. He describes it as his ââ¬Å"antic dispositionâ⬠whereas Polonius calls it ââ¬Å"lunacyâ⬠and Claudius calls it ââ¬Å"distemperâ⬠and a ââ¬Å"transformationâ⬠. Although everyone perceives Hamlet as mad, Polonius and Claudius at one point doubted that Hamlet in actual fact was indeed mad. Claudius had Rosencrantz and Guildenstern spy on Hamlet, whilst when Polonius spoke to Hamlet he thought that ââ¬Å"though this be madness, yet there is method inââ¬â¢tâ⬠. This shows that madness within Hamlet is not really madness at all, but is just an act; a performance on Hamletââ¬â¢s part. Shakespeare adds this doubt to Hamletââ¬â¢s madness whereas in Opheliaââ¬â¢s case there is no doubt about her state of mind to those around her. It is believed that mad people have a tendency to have suicidal feelings. In Hamletââ¬â¢s first soliloquy, he desires that his ââ¬Å"flesh would meltâ⬠and would have killed himself had not ââ¬Å"his canon ââ¬Ëgainst self-slaughterâ⬠. In his first soliloquy, he says ââ¬Å"to be or not to be, that is the questionâ⬠-in this line, Hamlet wonders whether or not to commit suicide. These suicidal feelings beg the question ââ¬Å"had Hamlet actually gone mad? â⬠I, like many others believe that Hamlet was not mad, as even though he displayed suicidal thoughts, he did not carry those thoughts out, signifying a sane state of mind. Ophelia however ended up committing suicide by drowning herself in a lake while ââ¬Å"she chanted snatches of old lauds as one incapable of her own distressâ⬠. This seems to indicate how fragile her state of mind actually was and how she was driven to madness by her fatherââ¬â¢s death and Hamletââ¬â¢s actions. The gravediggers in Act 5 Scene 1 thought that Ophelia committed suicide and ââ¬Å"if she had not been a gentlewoman, she should have been buried out oââ¬â¢ Christian burialâ⬠as suicide is considered as an unholy crime. Shakespeare seems to want to show us that Ophelia really was mad by having her act, speak and behave in a way that was not seen as ââ¬Ënormalââ¬â¢ to Elizabethan society as well as society today. It also seems that Shakespeare, maybe unwittingly, shows us that women were weak-minded individuals whereas men were the stronger sex, mentally as well as physically. Even though Hamlet is knocked with strong emotional surprises, such as finding out that his stepfather killed his father, Claudius, Hamlet still remains strong in public. This is a very sharp contrast to how Ophelia behaved when she suffered acute trauma due to the sudden death of her father. Whilst Hamlet remains strong, Ophelia transcends towards madness as her fragile state of mind had shattered. Maybe, this was the way Shakespeare viewed both sexes or maybe those were the views of Elizabethan society as a whole. Shakespeare presents Hamletââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"antic dispositionâ⬠as something very different to how Opheliaââ¬â¢s madness is presented to us. Shakespeare presents Hamlet as a strong character who has the ability to deal with emotional trauma, whereas Ophelia was portrayed as weak and symbolised what Hamlet once remarked: ââ¬Å"Frailty, thy name is womanâ⬠. Shakespeare presents Hamlet and Ophelia in contrasting ways to show us the differences between an ââ¬Å"antic dispositionâ⬠and actual madness. By using these contrasts, Shakespeare seems to be reflecting on the attitudes and views of Elizabethan society and also seems to be offering us his definition of madness.
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